{"id":2689,"date":"2024-10-04T14:51:40","date_gmt":"2024-10-04T07:51:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/nonghoaxanh.vn\/2024\/10\/04\/vai-tro-sinh-ly-cua-cac-nguyen-to-vi-luong-doi-voi-cay-trong-en\/"},"modified":"2024-10-04T14:51:40","modified_gmt":"2024-10-04T07:51:40","slug":"vai-tro-sinh-ly-cua-cac-nguyen-to-vi-luong-doi-voi-cay-trong-en","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/nongnghiepduyphat.vn\/en\/2024\/10\/04\/vai-tro-sinh-ly-cua-cac-nguyen-to-vi-luong-doi-voi-cay-trong-en\/","title":{"rendered":"VAI TR\u00d2 SINH L\u00dd C\u1ee6A C\u00c1C NGUY\u00caN T\u1ed0 VI L\u01af\u1ee2NG \u0110\u1ed0I V\u1edaI C\u00c2Y TR\u1ed2NG EN"},"content":{"rendered":"

VAI TR\u00d2 SINH L\u00dd C\u1ee6A C\u00c1C NGUY\u00caN T\u1ed0 VI L\u01af\u1ee2NG EN<\/p>\n

Of the 74 chemical elements found in plant bodies, 11 are major elements (accounting for 99.95%), while the remaining 60 are trace and ultra-trace elements (accounting for 0.05%). Trace elements still play an important role in plant life. <\/p>\n

Trong c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 vi l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i \u1edf nhi\u1ec1u d\u1ea1ng kh\u00e1c nhau. Nhi\u1ec1u kim lo\u1ea1i, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 vi l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ea7n cho c\u00e2y nh\u01b0: B, Mn, Zn, Cu, Fe, Mo, Co,… \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng c\u00e1c ph\u1ee9c h\u1eefu c\u01a1 – kho\u00e1ng. C\u00e1c ph\u1ee9c h\u1eefu c\u01a1 – kho\u00e1ng n\u00e0y c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc nh\u01b0: t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u1ee9c ch\u1ea5t kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t v\u1edbi t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o n\u00ean n\u00f3, ph\u1ee9c ch\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tham gia v\u00e0o c\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng m\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 tham gia \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. <\/p>\n

Hi\u1ec7n nay, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u00e3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u chi ti\u1ebft v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c ph\u1ee9c ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 vi l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u01b0 B, Cu. Fe, Mo,… <\/p>\n

V\u00ed d\u1ee5, acid boric t\u1ea1o n\u00ean c\u00e1c ph\u1ee9c ch\u1ea5t v\u1edbi h\u00e0ng lo\u1ea1t c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o n\u00ean t\u1ebf b\u00e0o nh\u01b0: fructose, galaclose, glucose, arabinose, mannose, ribose,… B t\u1ea1o n\u00ean ph\u1ee9c ch\u1ea5t v\u1edbi ATP. Ph\u1ee9c ch\u1ea5t n\u00e0y d\u01b0\u1edbi t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng, t\u00e1ch g\u1ed1c acid phosphoric d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng h\u01a1n khi c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t m\u00ecnh ATP. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 B l\u00e0m t\u0103ng vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ea3m quang c\u1ee7a ATP. <\/p>\n

Nhi\u1ec1u nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u cho r\u1eb1ng, khi k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1, ho\u1ea1t t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 vi l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u0103ng h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m, h\u00e0ng ngh\u00ecn, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed h\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u l\u1ea7n so v\u1edbi tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i ion c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, trong ph\u1ee9c ch\u1ea5t, Fe kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi 4 v\u00f2ng pyron m\u00e0 c\u00f2n c\u1ea3 v\u1edbi protein \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9, n\u00ean ho\u1ea1t t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 t\u0103ng l\u00ean h\u00e0ng ch\u1ee5c tri\u1ec7u l\u1ea7n. <\/p>\n

Oparin \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ec9 r\u00f5: 1 mg Fe li\u00ean k\u1ebft trong ph\u1ee9c ch\u1ea5t t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng x\u00fac t\u00e1c c\u1ee7a 10 t\u1ea5n Fe v\u00f4 c\u01a1. C\u0169ng nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, Co trong cobalamine (Vitamine B12<\/sub>) c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng m\u1ea1nh g\u1ea5p h\u00e0ng ngh\u00ecn l\u1ea7n Co v\u00f4 c\u01a1. Ph\u1ee9c ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1 – Cu c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u00e2n gi\u1ea3i H2<\/sub>O2<\/sub> nhanh h\u01a1n h\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u l\u1ea7n so v\u1edbi CuSO4<\/sub> hay CuCl2<\/sub>. <\/p>\n

V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u00e1c ph\u1ee9c h\u1eefu c\u01a1 kho\u00e1ng, c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u1ee9c h\u1eefu c\u01a1 kim lo\u1ea1i, \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t do vi\u1ec7c kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 ra kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t n\u1ed9i ph\u1ee9c (c\u00e1c chelate) v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ed1ng b\u1ec7nh v\u00e0ng l\u00e1 do thi\u1ebfu Fe, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh thi\u1ebfu c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 vi l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00e1c. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng chelate-fe (Fe – EDTA: Fe – ethylenediamine – tetra – acetic) \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ed1ng b\u1ec7nh v\u00e0ng l\u00e1 r\u1ea5t nguy hi\u1ec3m \u1edf th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt do thi\u1ebfu Fe g\u00e2y ra. Sau \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1c d\u1ea1ng chelate kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0: Cu – EDTA, Zn – EDTA, Mn – EDTA, Mo – EDTA,… l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng lo\u1ea1i ph\u00e2n vi l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t b\u00f3n qua l\u00e1. <\/p>\n

G\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n th\u1ea5y: c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t EDTA c\u00f3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00f2a sinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, trong th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m v\u1edbi m\u1ea7m l\u00faa m\u00ec, d\u00f9ng EDTA v\u1edbi li\u1ec1u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng 10-5<\/sup> M, sau 19 gi\u1edd c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng nh\u01b0 10-5<\/sup> M acid b indol-acetic (AIA). <\/p>\n

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  1. Vai tr\u00f2 chung<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    1.1. C\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 vi l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 enzyme<\/em><\/p>\n

    C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng, c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 vi l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00e0 c\u01a1 s\u1edf c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng, v\u00ec h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nh\u1edd c\u00e1c enzyme, m\u00e0 trong th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c enzyme \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 vi l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. Hi\u1ec7n nay, \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft kho\u1ea3ng 1.000 h\u1ec7 enzyme v\u00e0 kho\u1ea3ng 1\/3 s\u1ed1 h\u1ec7 enzyme n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u1ea1t h\u00f3a b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c kim lo\u1ea1i. H\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft enzyme-kim lo\u1ea1i (metalloenzyme) \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 trung t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3 h\u00f3a sinh h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 sinh l\u00fd h\u1ecdc hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i. Kim lo\u1ea1i t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh ph\u1ee9c ch\u1ea5t v\u1edbi protein c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t m\u1edbi. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 s\u1ef1 oxy h\u00f3a acid ascovic \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00fac ti\u1ebfn nhanh g\u1ea7n 1.000 l\u1ea7n nh\u1edd enzyme ascovin-oxidase ch\u1ee9a Cu. Protein k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi enzyme c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o n\u00ean ph\u1ee9c ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1 v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 vi l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, b\u1edfi v\u00ec nhi\u1ec1u acid amine c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c ph\u1ee9c h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi kim lo\u1ea1i (chelate) th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m cacboxyl ho\u1eb7c nh\u00f3m amine. <\/p>\n

    C\u00e1c nh\u00f3m nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft enzyme kim lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e3 xem x\u00e9t s\u1ef1 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a kim lo\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ea5t x\u00fac t\u00e1c trong vi\u1ec7c li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi protein ho\u1eb7c nh\u00f3m ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a enzyme \u1edf 3 kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh:<\/p>\n

      \n
    • \u1ea2nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a enzyme \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a kim lo\u1ea1i.<\/li>\n
    • \u1ea2nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a kim lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a<\/li>\n
    • \u1ea2nh h\u01b0\u1edfng ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a kim lo\u1ea1i v\u00e0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      Tuy nhi\u00ean c\u1ea7n l\u01b0u \u00fd r\u1eb1ng, nhi\u1ec1u kim lo\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng ho\u1ea1t h\u00f3a enzyme, m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1ee9c ch\u1ebf enzyme. T\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1ee9c ch\u1ebf n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ea5y \u1edf c\u00e1c kim lo\u1ea1i c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng g\u00e2y bi\u1ebfn t\u00ednh protein c\u1ee7a enzyme. <\/p>\n

      Sau \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 minh h\u1ecda c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 tr\u00ean:<\/p>\n

      M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 metalloenzyme ch\u1ec9 ch\u1ee9a m\u1ed9t kim lo\u1ea1i nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh trong th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a nh\u00f3m ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng (apoenzyme) nh\u01b0 Fe l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c trong h\u00e0ng lo\u1ea1t enzyme oxy h\u00f3a kh\u1eed c\u00f3 nh\u00f3m apoenzyme l\u00e0 v\u00f2ng porphyrin nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 cytochrome (a, b, c, f) – cytochrome oxydase, peroxidase…, Cu trong polyphenoloxydase, ascorbinoxydase…<\/p>\n

      M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 metalloenzyme c\u00f3 nh\u00f3m ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00e0 flavin (c\u00e1c flavoprotein) l\u1ea1i th\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ee9a 2 hay 3 kim lo\u1ea1i trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t kim lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu. \u0110i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh cho c\u00e1c enzyme n\u00e0y l\u00e0 nitritreductase ch\u1ee9a Mo, Cu, Mn; hyponitritreductase ch\u1ee9a Fe, Cu, nitrogenase ch\u1ee9a Mo, Fe; nitratereduclase ch\u1ee9a Mo, Cu; hydroxylamine reductase ch\u1ee9a Mn, Mo. Ngo\u00e0i c\u00e1c metalloenzyme th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1, c\u00f2n g\u1eb7p nhi\u1ec1u kim lo\u1ea1i (Na, Mg, Al, K, Ca, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Cd, Cs,…) l\u00e0 t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n ho\u1ea1t h\u00f3a kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9 c\u1ee7a h\u00e0ng lo\u1ea1t enzyme. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, ho\u1ea1t t\u00ednh x\u00fac t\u00e1c c\u1ee7a carboxylase \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gia t\u0103ng khi c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t Mg ho\u1eb7c Mn, Co, Fe, Zn, Cd. C\u00e1c kim lo\u1ea1i h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb 2 (Mg, Zn) c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay th\u1ebf nhau trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ho\u1ea1t h\u00f3a m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 enzyme. Trong c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, c\u00e1c kim lo\u1ea1i th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ea1o n\u00ean c\u00e1c li\u00ean k\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng b\u1ec1n, g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 li\u00ean k\u1ebft ki\u1ec3u c\u00e0ng cua v\u1edbi c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ch b\u00ean c\u1ee7a protein – enzyme (nh\u01b0 g\u1ed1c NH4<\/sub>+<\/sup>, COO–<\/sup>, phenol, SH–<\/sup>…). <\/p>\n

      1.2. C\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 vi l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00f2a sinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng, c\u00e1c vitamine<\/em><\/p>\n

      Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a Zn trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh sinh t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t d\u1ea1ng indol v\u00e0 serine b\u1ecb k\u00ecm h\u00e3m. Zn c\u00f2n c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi nh\u00f3m gibberellin. Mn c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng tr\u1ee3 l\u1ef1c cho ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a nh\u00f3m auxin. Mn c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1eb7c hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ebfn ho\u1ea1t t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a auxin oxidase. B c\u0169ng c\u00f3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00edch c\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ebfn qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh sinh t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p auxin. B c\u00f2n c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y vi\u1ec7c v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00f2a sinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng. <\/p>\n

      V\u1ec1 m\u1ed1i li\u00ean quan gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 vi l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c vitamine c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng: Mn, Cu, Zn v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 vi l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00e1c t\u1eadp trung trong c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan ch\u1ee9a nhi\u1ec1u vitamine. Cobalt c\u00f3 trong vitamine B12<\/sub>. Bo c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn sinh t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p vitamine C; C\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 Mn, B, Zn, Mo, Cu c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn sinh t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p vitamine nh\u00f3m B (B1<\/sub>, B2<\/sub>, B6<\/sub>, B12<\/sub>). <\/p>\n

      1.3. Nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 vi l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh trao \u0111\u1ed5i ch\u1ea5t<\/em><\/p>\n

      C\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 vi l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng s\u00e2u s\u1eafc v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh quang h\u1ee3p. Sinh t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p chloropyll kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 Fe, Mg, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n t\u1eadp trung trong l\u1ee5c l\u1ea1p c\u1ea3 Mn, Cu. C\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 Co, Cu, Zn, Mo c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng c\u1ee7a chlorophyll. C\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 Zn, Co c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p carotenoid. N\u00f3i chung, c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 vi l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng t\u00edch c\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ebfn h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m s\u1eafc t\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a c\u00e2y, \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a l\u1ee5c l\u1ea1p. C\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 vi l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u00e2u tr\u00fac ho\u1eb7c t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n ho\u1ea1t h\u00f3a c\u00e1c enzyme tham gia tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp trong pha s\u00e1ng c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 pha t\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a quang h\u1ee3p, do \u0111\u00f3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ebfn c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 quang h\u1ee3p v\u00e0 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m quang h\u1ee3p. Hi\u1ec7n nay, \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft r\u1ea5t r\u00f5 vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c enzyme v\u00e0 c\u00e1c protein ch\u1ee9a Fe (c\u00e1c cytochrome, feredoxin) v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9a Cu (plastocyanine) trong c\u00e1c d\u00e2y truy\u1ec1n \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed c\u1ee7a hai ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng trong quang h\u1ee3p, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a Mn trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e2n li H2<\/sub>O, gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng O2<\/sub>. \u1ede pha s\u00e1ng, n\u1ebfu thi\u1ebfu Mn th\u00ec ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng Hill kh\u00f4ng th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng O2<\/sub> b\u1ecb k\u00ecm h\u00e3m v\u00e0 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng H2<\/sub>O2<\/sub> s\u1ebd g\u00e2y \u0111\u1ed9c cho t\u1ebf b\u00e0o. \u1ede pha t\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a quang h\u1ee3p, vi l\u01b0\u1ee3ng tham gia v\u00e0o c\u00e1c enzyme trao \u0111\u1ed5i ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c chu tr\u00ecnh C3<\/sub>, C4<\/sub>, CAM…B, Mn, Zn, Cu, Co, Mo tham gia trong vi\u1ec7c th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y s\u1ef1 v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m quang h\u1ee3p t\u1eeb l\u00e1 xu\u1ed1ng c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan d\u1ef1 tr\u1eef. C\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 vi l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f2n c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3m c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 quang h\u1ee3p khi c\u00e2y g\u1eb7p h\u1ea1n, \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao, ho\u1eb7c trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a gi\u00e0. <\/p>\n

      \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u00f4 h\u1ea5p c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 vi l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp. Nhi\u1ec1u nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 Mg, Mn, l\u00e0 t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n ho\u1ea1t h\u00f3a m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd c\u00e1c enzyme x\u00fac t\u00e1c cho qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e2n gi\u1ea3i y\u1ebfm kh\u00ed (chu tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e2n) c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 hi\u1ebfu kh\u00ed (chu tr\u00ecnh Krebs) c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u h\u1eefu c\u01a1 trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u00f4 h\u1ea5p. C\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 vi l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c enzyme oxy h\u00f3a – kh\u1eed tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp tham gia v\u00e0o c\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a h\u00f4 h\u1ea5p (c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 cytochrome ch\u1ee9a Fe, polyphenoloxydase, ascorbinoxydase ch\u1ee9a Cu). Nhi\u1ec1u nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 vi l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ebfn qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh phosphoryl h\u00f3a ch\u1ee9a oxy h\u00f3a (t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh ATP), ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f3 \u00edch c\u1ee7a h\u00f4 h\u1ea5p. <\/p>\n

      1.4. Nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 vi l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1edbi t\u00ednh ch\u1ed1ng ch\u1ecbu c\u1ee7a th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt<\/em><\/p>\n

        \n
      • Ch\u1ecbu m\u1eb7n<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

        C\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00ednh ch\u1ecbu m\u1eb7n c\u1ee7a c\u00e2y l\u00e0 Mn, B, Zn, Al, Cu, Mo,… Ch\u00fang l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m t\u00ednh th\u1ea5m c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t nguy\u00ean sinh \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Cl; l\u00e0m t\u0103ng t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp P, Ca, K v\u00e0 t\u0103ng t\u00edch l\u0169y c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t c\u00f3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 (nh\u01b0 globulin, albumin). B, Mn, Al, Cu b\u00f3n v\u00e0o c\u00e2y hay phun l\u00ean l\u00e1 \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m t\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1edbt v\u00e0 h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00e1c keo \u01b0a n\u01b0\u1edbc \u1edf l\u00e1 trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea5t m\u1eb7n, l\u00e0m t\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng gi\u1eef n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a l\u00e1. B, Mn, Al \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00ednh ch\u1ecbu m\u1eb7n v\u00ec ch\u00fang l\u00e0m h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i glucid h\u00f2a tan trong l\u00e1 t\u0103ng l\u00ean, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o \u00e1p su\u1ea5t th\u1ea9m th\u1ea5u \u0111\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p n\u01b0\u1edbc cho t\u1ebf b\u00e0o v\u00e0 l\u00e0m \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u1ec7 keo c\u1ee7a nguy\u00ean sinh ch\u1ea5t. Trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n m\u1eb7n v\u1eeba ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a chlorophyll li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi protein trong l\u1ee5c l\u1ea1p t\u0103ng l\u00ean m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd, l\u00e0m t\u0103ng t\u00ednh ch\u1ed1ng ch\u1ecbu c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 chlorophyll- protein nh\u1edd c\u00f3 Mn, Co, Mo, Cu. <\/p>\n

          \n
        • Ch\u1ecbu h\u1ea1n<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

          H\u1ea1n h\u00e1n th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh th\u1ee7y ph\u00e2n trong c\u00e2y, l\u00e0m y\u1ebfu qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p protid v\u00e0 d\u1eabn t\u1edbi s\u1ef1 t\u00edch l\u0169y nhi\u1ec1u acid amine t\u1ef1 do l\u00e0m k\u00ecm h\u00e3m qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh sinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a c\u00e2y. Al, Co, Mo c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng t\u00edch c\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ecbu h\u1ea1n nh\u1edd ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ebf duy tr\u00ec c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p protein cao trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n b\u1ea5t l\u1ee3i n\u00e0y. B, Zn, Cu, Mo Co, Al… \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p, chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n glucid t\u1eeb l\u00e1 v\u1ec1 c\u01a1 quan d\u1ef1 tr\u1eef l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00e2ng cao t\u00ednh ch\u1ecbu h\u1ea1n v\u00e0 ch\u1ecbu n\u00f3ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e2y, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng.<\/p>\n

          2. Vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 vi l\u01b0\u1ee3ng quan tr\u1ecdng<\/em><\/p>\n

          2.1. Vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a Bo (B)<\/em><\/p>\n

          B l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 ph\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u h\u1ec7 enzyme. Thi\u1ebfu B, c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m sinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a th\u00e2n, r\u1ec5, l\u00e1 ch\u1ebft d\u1ea7n, v\u00ec B c\u00f3 vai tr\u00f2 l\u1edbn trong trao \u0111\u1ed5i glucid. Thi\u1ebfu B th\u00ec trong l\u00e1 t\u00edch l\u0169y nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0m cho \u0111\u1ec9nh sinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng thi\u1ebfu glucid sinh ra hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u01b0 th\u1eeba NH3<\/sub> v\u00ec glucid l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t nh\u1eadn r\u1ea5t t\u1ed1t c\u1ee7a NH3<\/sub>. G\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta cho r\u1eb1ng \u0111i\u1ec3m sinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng ch\u1ebft v\u00ec trao \u0111\u1ed5i acid nucleic b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea3o l\u1ed9n. <\/p>\n

          Thi\u1ebfu B h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ARN v\u00e0 ATP trong c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m sinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a th\u00e2n b\u1ecb gi\u1ea3m s\u00fat r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t do qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh trao \u0111\u1ed5i n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ecb gi\u1ea3m s\u00fat.<\/p>\n

          B c\u00f2n c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u00e0m t\u0103ng ho\u1ea1t t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a dehydrogenase. B c\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o l\u01b0\u1ee3ng O2<\/sub> cho r\u1ec5. B l\u00e0m t\u0103ng s\u1ef1 t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p protein c\u1ee7a c\u00e2y n\u00ean B c\u00f2n c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ed1p \u0111\u1ed5. B l\u00e0m t\u0103ng s\u1ef1 h\u00fat cation trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng, th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y s\u1ef1 v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n P trong c\u00e2y. <\/p>\n

          Thi\u1ebfu B th\u00ec t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 h\u00fat Ca b\u1ecb gi\u1ea3m xu\u1ed1ng, l\u00e0m r\u1ed1i lo\u1ea1n qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh v\u00e1ch t\u1ebf b\u00e0o.<\/p>\n

          Nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng B c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p s\u1eafc t\u1ed1, \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh quang h\u1ee3p, dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng kho\u00e1ng, trao \u0111\u1ed5i N, qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh th\u1ee5 ph\u1ea5n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a c\u00e2y.<\/p>\n

          Ngu\u1ed3n ph\u00e2n b\u00f3n B l\u00e0 H3<\/sub>BO3<\/sub>, Mg3<\/sub>(BO3<\/sub>)2<\/sub>, h\u00e0n the (borax): Na2<\/sub>B4<\/sub>O7<\/sub>.10 H2<\/sub>O<\/p>\n

          2.2. Vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ed3ng (Cu)<\/em><\/p>\n

          Cu tham gia v\u00e0o th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 enzyme oxydase. Thi\u1ebfu Cu c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng N. Cu c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ebfn qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p protein, tham gia v\u00e0o giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00f3a nitrate. Vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a Cu \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p protein c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh trao \u0111\u1ed5i acid nucleic (ARN gi\u1ea3m xu\u1ed1ng khi thi\u1ebfu Cu). Cu g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n t\u00edch c\u1ef1c trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a chlorophyll. Cu c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ebfn qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a glucid, phosphatide, nucleoproteid, qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh trao \u0111\u1ed5i vitamine, k\u00edch th\u00edch t\u1ed1 sinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng. L\u00fac b\u00f3n ph\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea1m nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 NH4<\/sub>+<\/sup> \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi Cu c\u0169ng t\u0103ng l\u00ean. <\/p>\n

          Ngo\u00e0i vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ed1p \u0111\u1ed5, Cu c\u00f2n t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng ch\u1ed1ng h\u1ea1n, ch\u1ed1ng r\u00e9t v\u00e0 t\u0103ng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng gi\u1eef n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a m\u00f4.<\/p>\n

          Ngu\u1ed3n ph\u00e2n Cu ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn l\u00e0 CuSO4<\/sub>. C\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ebf li\u1ec7u s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t pyrite \u0111\u1ec3 b\u00f3n cho c\u00e2y. <\/p>\n

          2.3. Vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a K\u1ebdm (Zn)<\/em><\/p>\n

          Zn l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a enzyme cacboanhydrase x\u00fac t\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng:<\/p>\n

          H2<\/sub>CO3<\/sub> = CO2<\/sub> + H2<\/sub>O<\/p>\n

          Thi\u1ebfu Zn s\u1ebd t\u00edch t\u1ee5 nhi\u1ec1u acid carbonic g\u00e2y c\u1ea3n tr\u1edf cho ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh oxy h\u00f3a l\u00e0m r\u1ed1i lo\u1ea1n qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh trao \u0111\u1ed5i ch\u1ea5t. Zn tham gia t\u00edch c\u1ef1c trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh oxy h\u00f3a kh\u1eed. N\u00f3 l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a alcol dehydrogenase, glutamat dehydrogenase, lactate dehydrogenase, tham gia trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t ch\u1ee9a nh\u00f3m HS. <\/p>\n

          Zn \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong trao \u0111\u1ed5i P, glucid, protein, acid nucleic. Thi\u1ebfu Zn, P v\u00f4 c\u01a1 t\u00edch t\u1ee5 nhi\u1ec1u trong m\u00f4, g\u00e2y c\u1ea3n tr\u1edf cho qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh phosphoryl h\u00f3a oxy h\u00f3a. Thi\u1ebfu Zn h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u1eed t\u0103ng l\u00ean, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng saccharose, tinh b\u1ed9t gi\u1ea3m xu\u1ed1ng, acid amine t\u1ef1 do t\u0103ng l\u00ean do t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p protein b\u1ecb \u1ee9c ch\u1ebf v\u00e0 do \u0111\u00f3 ARN v\u00e0 ADN gi\u1ea3m xu\u1ed1ng, ho\u1ea1t t\u00ednh enzyme ribonuclease t\u0103ng l\u00ean. <\/p>\n

          Zn c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c k\u00edch th\u00edch t\u1ed1 sinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 auxin. Zn c\u00f3 vai tr\u00f2 t\u00edch c\u1ef1c trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n h\u1ea1t ph\u1ea5n nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 l\u1ec1 b\u00e0o tr\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 ph\u00f4i. Thi\u1ebfu Zn l\u00e0m ng\u00f4, \u0111\u1eadu t\u01b0\u01a1ng, c\u00e2y g\u1ed7 v\u00e0 c\u00e2y \u0103n qu\u1ea3, m\u00eda, lanh, nho, c\u00e0 chua d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb c\u1ea3m \u1ee9ng cam, qu\u00fdt l\u00e1 b\u00e9, l\u1ed1m \u0111\u1ed1m v\u00e0ng, ng\u00f4 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n b\u1ea1ch t\u1ea1ng. <\/p>\n

          Ngu\u1ed3n ph\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 ZnSO4<\/sub> b\u00f3n \u1edf ch\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea5t ki\u1ec1m v\u00e0 c\u00e1t pha.<\/p>\n

          2.4. Vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a Mangan (Mn)<\/em><\/p>\n

          Thi\u1ebfu Mn th\u01b0\u1eddng gi\u1ea3m th\u1ea5p quang h\u1ee3p r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta cho r\u1eb1ng Mn tham gia v\u00e0o ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng O2<\/sub> trong quang h\u1ee3p (ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng quang ph\u00e2n ly n\u01b0\u1edbc). <\/p>\n

          Thi\u1ebfu Mn th\u00ec ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn Fe trong t\u1ebf b\u00e0o chuy\u1ec3n th\u00e0nh d\u1ea1ng kh\u1eed Fe2+<\/sup> l\u00e0m h\u1ea1i cho c\u00e2y. N\u1ebfu th\u1eeba Mn th\u00ec Fe tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh d\u1ea1ng Fe3+<\/sup> kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ho\u1ea1t t\u00ednh sinh l\u00fd g\u00e2y v\u00e0ng \u00faa cho c\u00e2y. Do \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e2y ch\u1ec9 sinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng khi t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 Mn\/Fe th\u00edch h\u1ee3p (t\u1eeb 1\/2 \u0111\u1ebfn l\/3). <\/p>\n

          Mn c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn ho\u1ea1t t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 enzyme ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y m\u1ea1nh carbon nh\u01b0 peptidase, phosphatase, decarboxylase.<\/p>\n

          Mn c\u00f2n gi\u00fap cho qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u00fat N \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 d\u1ea1ng NO2<\/sub>. Ngu\u1ed3n ph\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 MnSO4<\/sub>. <\/p>\n

          2.5. Vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a Molipden (Mo)<\/em><\/p>\n

          Mo r\u1ea5t c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e2y. Tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00f3i Mo th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n \u1edf m\u00e0u l\u00e1 v\u00e0ng do \u0111\u00f3i \u0111\u1ea1m, c\u00e2y ch\u1eadm l\u1edbn, trong m\u00f4 t\u00edch l\u0169y nhi\u1ec1u NO3<\/sub>–<\/sup>. Thi\u1ebfu Mo, c\u00e2y h\u1ecd \u0111\u1eadu c\u00f3 n\u1ed1t s\u1ea7n \u00edt, b\u00e9 v\u00e0 n\u1ed1t s\u1ea7n m\u00e0u x\u00e1m. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n th\u1ea5y tr\u00ean 40 lo\u00e0i c\u00e2y \u0111\u00f3i Mo. Mo r\u1ea5t c\u1ea7n cho vi sinh v\u1eadt c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh N2<\/sub> nh\u01b0 Azotobacter, Chlostridium pasteurianum, <\/em>t\u1ea3o lam v\u00e0 vi khu\u1ea9n c\u1ed9ng sinh v\u1edbi c\u00e2y h\u1ecd \u0111\u1eadu. <\/p>\n

          Mo l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a enzyme nitratereductase x\u00fac t\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh kh\u1eed nitrate. Mo tham gia qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p acid amine v\u00e0 t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p protein \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0m t\u0103ng t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 N-protein so v\u1edbi N-t\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1. <\/p>\n

          Mo \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p v\u00e0 v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n glucid, t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c s\u1eafc t\u1ed1, vitamine (\u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 vitamine C), \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00f3a P v\u00e0 Ca v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c. Ca v\u00e0 Mo c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 n\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t chua b\u00f3n Ca l\u00e0m t\u0103ng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng Mo d\u1ef1 tr\u1eef. <\/p>\n

           <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

          VAI TR\u00d2 SINH L\u00dd C\u1ee6A C\u00c1C NGUY\u00caN T\u1ed0 VI L\u01af\u1ee2NG EN Of the 74 chemical elements found in plant bodies, 11 are major elements (accounting for 99.95%), while the remaining 60 are trace and ultra-trace elements (accounting for 0.05%). Trace elements still play an important role in plant life. Trong c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 […]\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2597,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"yst_prominent_words":[],"class_list":["post-2689","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-tin-tuc"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/nongnghiepduyphat.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2689","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/nongnghiepduyphat.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/nongnghiepduyphat.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nongnghiepduyphat.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nongnghiepduyphat.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2689"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/nongnghiepduyphat.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2689\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nongnghiepduyphat.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2597"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/nongnghiepduyphat.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2689"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nongnghiepduyphat.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2689"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nongnghiepduyphat.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2689"},{"taxonomy":"yst_prominent_words","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nongnghiepduyphat.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/yst_prominent_words?post=2689"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}